Drivers of inappropriate use of antibiotics among community members in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of qualitative studies

This systematic review identifies evidence-based drivers of inappropriate antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The review found that lack of proper knowledge, misinterpretation of symptoms, previous prescriptions, fear of using suboptimal antibiotics, limited healthcare access, economic constraints, and perceived severity of illnesses contribute to unnecessary antibiotic use. Factors such as previous prescriptions, drug sellers’ recommendations, unavailability of competent doctors, low socioeconomic status, and mild disease symptoms create an environment of self-medication and inappropriate antibiotic use. The review recommends health ministries in LMICs invest in quality health education and improved health systems for appropriate antibiotic use.